Primary Information
BoMiProt ID	Bomi6817
Protein Name	LIM/homeobox protein Lhx9/LIM homeobox protein 9
Organism	Bos taurus
Uniprot ID	A0JNI8
Milk Fraction	Whey
Ref Sequence ID	XP_010811854.1
Aminoacid Length	397
Molecular Weight	43889
FASTA Sequence	Download
Gene Name	LHX9
Gene ID	515012
Protein Existence Status	reviewed
Secondary Information
Protein Function	Involved in development of reproductive organs.Role in pineal gland development.
Biochemical Properties	Contains two tandemly arrayed LIM domains at or near the N terminus that mediate protein-protein interactions followed by a homeodomain that binds DNA and a C terminus that is predicted to be unstructured.The activity of LIM-HD proteins is dependent on the essential cofactor LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1).Ldb1 contains an N-terminal self-association domain that forms trimers in vitro and mediates long range chromatin interactions. It also contains a ∼30-residue LIM interaction domain (LID) that binds to the LIM domains of all LIM-HD.
Additional Comments	LHX9 silencing led to the down-regulation of BMP-4, β-catenin and metastasis-related proteins. Deletion of Lhx9 results in sterility due to failure of gonadal development.Lhx9 knockout mice displayed late-onset hydrocephalus.
Linking IDs	Bomi6817
Bibliography	1.Yamazaki, F., Møller, M., Fu, C., Clokie, S. J., Zykovich, A., Coon, S. L., Klein, D. C., & Rath, M. F. (2015). The Lhx9 homeobox gene controls pineal gland development and prevents postnatal hydrocephalus. Brain structure & function, 220(3), 1497–1509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x 2.Birk, O. S., Casiano, D. E., Wassif, C. A., Cogliati, T., Zhao, L., Zhao, Y., Grinberg, A., Huang, S., Kreidberg, J. A., Parker, K. L., Porter, F. D., & Westphal, H. (2000). The LIM homeobox gene Lhx9 is essential for mouse gonad formation. Nature, 403(6772), 909–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002622 3.Gadd MS, Jacques DA, Nisevic I, Craig VJ, Kwan AH, Guss JM, Matthews JM. A structural basis for the regulation of the LIM-homeodomain protein islet 1 (Isl1) by intra- and intermolecular interactions. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21924-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.478586. Epub 2013 Jun 9. PMID: 23750000; PMCID: PMC3724647.
Protein Function	Involved in development of reproductive organs.Role in pineal gland development.
Biochemical Properties	Contains two tandemly arrayed LIM domains at or near the N terminus that mediate protein-protein interactions followed by a homeodomain that binds DNA and a C terminus that is predicted to be unstructured.The activity of LIM-HD proteins is dependent on the essential cofactor LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1).Ldb1 contains an N-terminal self-association domain that forms trimers in vitro and mediates long range chromatin interactions. It also contains a ∼30-residue LIM interaction domain (LID) that binds to the LIM domains of all LIM-HD.
Site(s) of PTM(s) N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, Phosphorylation	NA
Predicted Disorder Regions	(342-396)
DisProt Annotation
TM Helix Prediction	No TM helices
Additional Comments	LHX9 silencing led to the down-regulation of BMP-4, β-catenin and metastasis-related proteins. Deletion of Lhx9 results in sterility due to failure of gonadal development.Lhx9 knockout mice displayed late-onset hydrocephalus.
Linking IDs
Bibliography	1.Yamazaki, F., Møller, M., Fu, C., Clokie, S. J., Zykovich, A., Coon, S. L., Klein, D. C., & Rath, M. F. (2015). The Lhx9 homeobox gene controls pineal gland development and prevents postnatal hydrocephalus. Brain structure & function, 220(3), 1497–1509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0740-x 2.Birk, O. S., Casiano, D. E., Wassif, C. A., Cogliati, T., Zhao, L., Zhao, Y., Grinberg, A., Huang, S., Kreidberg, J. A., Parker, K. L., Porter, F. D., & Westphal, H. (2000). The LIM homeobox gene Lhx9 is essential for mouse gonad formation. Nature, 403(6772), 909–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002622 3.Gadd MS, Jacques DA, Nisevic I, Craig VJ, Kwan AH, Guss JM, Matthews JM. A structural basis for the regulation of the LIM-homeodomain protein islet 1 (Isl1) by intra- and intermolecular interactions. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21924-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.478586. Epub 2013 Jun 9. PMID: 23750000; PMCID: PMC3724647.