Primary Information |
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| BoMiProt ID | Bomi9832 |
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| Protein Name | Thyroglobulin |
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| Organism | Bos taurus |
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| Uniprot ID | P01267 |
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| Milk Fraction | Whey |
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| Ref Sequence ID | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/280706 |
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| Aminoacid Length | 2769 |
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| Molecular Weight | 303222 |
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| FASTA Sequence |
Download |
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| Gene Name | TG |
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| Gene ID | 280706 |
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| Protein Existence Status | reviewed |
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Secondary Information |
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| Protein Function | Acts as a substrate for the production of iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) |
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| Biochemical Properties | A 660 kDa (2 × 330 kDa) homodimeric protein.Contain Th1 domain-Tg1 repeat contains a characteristic CWCV (Cys–Trp–Cys–Val) sequence motif.The Tg1 cluster is followed by a hinge domain that connects the Tg1 domain to two Tg type 2 (Tg2) repeats spanning from Cys1442 to Cys1513. After the Tg2 region, the Tg type 3 (Tg3) repeat domain forms the arm region of the Tg molecule at one end of a Tg monomer.After the Tg3 domain, the ChEL domain in the C-terminus provides Tg with structural stability and integrity. In our Tg structure, the ChEL domain contains a thyroxinated tyrosine at Tyr2575 and an apparent dehydroalanine at Tyr2542 in close proximity (∼7 Å apart), which suggests that the two form an acceptor–donor pair that couple to synthesize T4 at Tyr2575 . |
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| Significance in milk | Genetic variation in TG has been associated with back fat thickness and marbling in beef cattle as well as milk traits in dairy cattle.Associated with milk and meat quality.Thyroglobulin acts as a carrier for both T3 and T4,stored in thyroid gland.T3 and T4 play an important role in regulating the metabolism and can affect adipocyte growth, differentiation, and homeostasis of fat depots. |
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| PTMs | Disulfide bond formation, Glycosylation, Iodination, Sulfation |
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Site(s) of PTM(s)
N-glycosylation,
O-glycosylation,
Phosphorylation
| >sp|P01267|THYG_BOVIN Thyroglobulin OS=Bos taurus OX=9913 GN=TG PE=1 SV=1
MALALWVFGLLDLICLASANIFEYQVDAQPLRPCELQRERAFLKREDYVPQCAEDGSFQT
VQCGKDGASCWCVDADGREVPGSRQPGRPAACLSFCQLQKQQILLSSYIN*110STATSYLPQC
QDSGDYSPVQCDLRRRQCWCVDAEGMEVYGTRQQGRPARCPRSCEIRNRRLLHGVGDRSP
PQCSPDGAFRPVQCKLVNTTDMMIFDLVHSYSRFPDAFVTFSSFRSRFPEVSGYCYCADS
QGRELAETGLELLLDEIYDTIFAGLDLASTFAETTLYRILQRRFLAVQLVISGRFRCPTK
CEVERFAATSFRHPYVPSCHPDGEYQAAQCQQGGPCWCVDSRGQEIPGTRQRGEPPSCAE
DQSCPSERRRAFSRLRFGPSGYFSRRSLLLAPEEGPVSQRFARFTASCPPSIKELFLDSG
IFQPMLQGRDTRFVAPESLKEAIRGLFPSRELARLALQFTTNAKRLQQNLFGGRFLVKVG
QFN*483LSGALGTRGTFNFSHFFQQLGLPGFQDGRALADLAKPLSVGLNSNPASEAPKASKID
VALRKPVVGSFGFEVNLQENQNALQFLSSFLELPEFLLFLQHAISVPEDIARDLGDVMEM
VFSSQGCGQAPGSLFVPACTAEGSYEEVQCFAGDCWCVDAQGRELAGSRVRGGRPRCPTE
CEKQRARMQSLLGSQPAGSSLFVPACTSKGNFLPVQCFNSECYCVDTEGQPIPGTRSALG
EPKKCPSPCQLQAERAFLGTVRTLVSNPSTLPALSSIYIPQCSASGQWSPVQCDGPPEQA
FEWYERWEAQNSAGQALTPAELLMKIMSYREAASRNFRLFIQNLYEAGQQGIFPGLARYS
SFQDVPVSVLEGN*853QTQPGGNVFLEPYLFWQILNGQLDRYPGPYSDFSAPLAHFDLRSCWC
VDEAGQKLEGTRNEPNKVPACPGSCEEVKLRVLQFIREAEEIVTYSN*947SSRFPLGESFLAA
KGIRLTDEELAFPPLSPSRETFLEKFLSGSDYAIRLAAQSTFDFYQRRLVTLAESPRAPS
PVWSSAYLPQCDAFGGWEPVQCHAATGHCWCVDGKGEYVPTSLTARSRQIPQCPTSCERL
RASGLLSSWKQAGVQAEPSPKDLFIPTCLETGEFARLQASEAGTWCVDPASGEGVPPGTN*1140
SSAQCPSLCEVLQSGVPSRRTSPGYSPACRAEDGGFSPVQCDPAQGSCWCVLGSGEEVPG
TRVAGSQPACESPQCPLPFSVADVAGGAILCERASGLGAAAGQRCQLRCSQGYRSAFPPE
PLLCSVQRRRWESRPPQPRACQRPQFWQTLQTQAQFQLLLPLGKVCSADYSGLLLAFQVF
LLDELTARGFCQIQVKTAGTPVSIPVCDDSSVKVECLSRERLGVN*1365ITWKLQLVDAPPASL
PDLQDVEEALAGKYLAGRFADLIQSGTFQLHLDSKTFSADTSIRFLQGDRFGTSPRTQFG
CLEGFGRVVAASDASQDALGCVKCPEGSYFQDEQCIPCPAGFYQEQAGSLACVPCPEGRT
TVYAGAFSQTHCVTDCQKNEVGLQCDQDSQYRASQRDRTSGKAFCVDGEGRRLPWTEAEA
PLVDAQCLVMRKFEKLPESKVIFSADVAVMVRSEVPGSESSLMQCLADCALDEACGFLTV
STAGSEVSCDFYAWASDSIACTTSGRSEDALGTSQATSFGSLQCQVKVRSREGDPLAVYL
KKGQEFTITGQKRFEQTGFQSALSGMYSPVTFSASGASLAEVHLFCLLACDHDSCCDGFI
LVQVQGGPLLCGLLSSPDVLLCHVRDWRDPAEAQAN*1776ASCPGVTYDQDSRQVTLRLGGQEI
RGLTPLEGTQDTLTSFQQVYLWKDSDMGSRSESMGCRRDTEPRPASPSETDLTTGLFSPV
DLIQVIVDGN*1870VSLPSQQHWLFKHLFSLQQANLWCLSRCAGEPSFCQLAEVTDSEPLYFTC
TLYPEAQVCDDILESSPKGCRLILPRRPSALYRKKVVLQDRVKNFYNRLPFQKLTGISIR
NKVPMSDKSISSGFFECERLCDMDPCCTGFGFLN*2014VSQLKGGEVTCLTLNSLGLQTCSEEY
GGVWRILDCGSPDTEVRTYPFGWYQKPVSPSDAPSFCPSVALPALTENVALDSWQSLALS
SVIVDPSIRNFDVAHISTAAVGN*2123FSAARDRCLWECSRHQDCLVTTLQTQPGAVRCMFYAD
TQSCTHSLQAQNCRLLLHEEATYIYRKPNIPLPGFGTSSPSVPIATHGQLLGRSQAIQVG
TSWKPVDQFLGVPYAAPPLGEKRFRAPEHLN*2251WTGSWEATKPRARCWQPGIRTPTPPGVSE
DCLYLNVFVPQNMAPNASVLVFFHNAAEGKGSGDRPAVDGSFLAAVGNLIVVTASYRTGI
FGFLSSGSSELSGNWGLLDQVVALTWVQTHIQAFGGDPRRVTLAADRGGADIASIHLVTT
RAANSRLFRRAVLMGGSALSPAAVIRPERARQQAAALAKEVGCPSSSVQEMVSCLRQEPA
RILNDAQTKLLAVSGPFHYWGPVVDGQYLRETPARVLQRAPRVKVDLLIGSSQDDGLINR
AKAVKQFEESQGRTSSKTAFYQALQNSLGGEAADAGVQAAATWYYSLEHDSDDYASFSRA
LEQATRDYFIICPVIDMASHWARTVRGNVFMYHAPESYSHSSLELLTDVLYAFGLPFYPA
YEGQFTLEEKSLSLKIMQYFSNFIRSGNPNYPHEFSRRAPEFAAPWPDFVPRDGAESYKE
LSVLLPNRQGLKKADCSFWSKYIQSLKASADETKDGPSADSEEEDQPAGSGLTEDLLGLP
ELASKTYSK
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| Predicted Disorder Regions | NA |
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| DisProt Annotation | |
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| TM Helix Prediction | No TM helices |
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| Significance of PTMs | Undergoes sequential proteolysis by cathepsins to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones.Iodinated on tyrosine residues by TPO.Iodinated on tyrosine residues by TPO (By similarity). There are 4 pairs of iodinated tyrosines used for coupling: acceptor Tyr-24 is coupled to donor Tyr-149 or Tyr-234, acceptor Tyr-2574 is coupled to donor Tyr-2541, acceptor Tyr-2767 in monomer 1 is coupled to donor Tyr-2767 in monomer 2 and acceptor Tyr-1310 in monomer 1 is coupled to donor Tyr-108 in monomer 2 . |
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| Bibliography | Kim, K., Kopylov, M., Bobe, D., Kelley, K., Eng, E. T., Arvan, P., & Clarke, O. B. (2021). The structure of natively iodinated bovine thyroglobulin. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology, 77(Pt 11), 1451–1459. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2059798321010056 |
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