Primary Information
BoMiProt ID	Bomi8777
Protein Name	Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoU
Organism	Bos taurus
Uniprot ID	A5D7J5
Milk Fraction	Whey
Ref Sequence ID	NP_001091616.1
Aminoacid Length	255
Molecular Weight	27824
FASTA Sequence	Download
Gene Name	RHOU
Gene ID	781044
Protein Existence Status	reviewed
Secondary Information
Protein Function	Acts upstream of PAK1 to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion turnover and increase cell migration. Stimulates quiescent cells to reenter the cell cycle. Has no detectable GTPase activity but its high intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity suggests it is constitutively GTP-bound. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the control of cell shape
Biochemical Properties	RhoU is considered to be an atypical GTPase because it has been reported to have a 10-fold higher intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange rate in vitro compared with Cdc42, and is therefore presumed to be predominantly GTP-bound in cells.Contain an unique N-terminal and C-terminal regions either side of the core GTP-binding domain.N-terminal region of RhoU contains 3 proline-rich motifs (PRMs).
PTMs	Lipidation,Palmitoylation,Phosphorylation
Site(s) of PTM(s) N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, Phosphorylation	NA
Predicted Disorder Regions	1-42, 223-241
DisProt Annotation
TM Helix Prediction	No TM helices
Significance of PTMs	Tyrosine phosphorylated by SRC in response to PTK2B/PYK2 activation.At the C-terminus is a CFV motif (amino acids 256–258) which is modified on the cysteine by palmitoylation and is required for membrane localization.The Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates Tyr254, which alters RhoU localization.Phosphorylation of RhoU on a C-terminal tyrosine, Y254, results in a rapid relocalization of RhoU from the plasma membrane to the endosomal compartment.
Bibliography	1.Richard G. Hodge & Anne J. Ridley (2020) Regulation and functions of RhoU and RhoV, Small GTPases, 11:1, 8-15, DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1362495