Protein Function | thirty four members of ribosomal protein family can be found in
all domains of life; This group includes 15
proteins of the small (S2 S5, S7 S15, S17, and S19) and
19 proteins of the large (L1 L6, L10 L15, L18, L22 L24,
L29, L30, and L7ae) ribosomal subparticles; specifically bind to nucleic acids other than
rRNA; have a growth promoting activity; RP S3 possesses
DNA modifying enzymatic activities; ribosomal proteins are essential for ribosome assembly and optimal function; required in ribosome biogenesis and translational fidelity and is also a central controller
of ribosome transit between non-rotated and rotated conformational states |
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Biochemical Properties | Eukaryotic ribosomes are made up of four different RNA
molecules and of 79 different proteins; basic proteins, in accordance
with their main function, which consists in the
specific interaction with the ribosomal RNAs; Regions of
basic charge within RPs enable them to interact with the
negatively charged phosphate groups of the nucleic acids; The isoelectric points of S and L rat RPs range between 7 and 13.5; Basic charges
are not equally distributed but tend to occur in clusters of
three or more adjacent amino acids, which are scattered
over different regions of the sequence. In a small number of
RPs (S8, S9, L5, L22, L31, LP0, LP1 and LP2) there are
also a few C-terminal clusters of acidic amino acids; Phosphoproteins LP0, LP1 and LP2, as well as RP SA, are
the only ribosomal proteins with acidic pI values; majority of ribosomal proteins are packed into β bar
rels; α/β
sandwiches and other types of
structural packing of proteins; half of ribosomal proteins have
elongated loops or N and C terminal “tails” which have a
considerable intramolecular mobility; loops and tails the contents of positively
charged lysines and arginines is two to three times higher
than in the globular part of the protein; riboso
mal proteins mainly interact with the sugar phosphate
backbone of RNA through positively charged residues of
the protein chain; |
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