Primary Information
BoMiProt ID	Bomi3977
Protein Name	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD/PYD and CARD domain-containing protein
Organism	Bos taurus
Uniprot ID	Q8HXK9
Milk Fraction	Whey
Ref Sequence ID	NP_777155.1
Aminoacid Length	195
Molecular Weight	21917
FASTA Sequence	Download
Gene Name	PYCARD/ASC
Gene ID	282846
Protein Existence Status	reviewed
Secondary Information
Protein Function	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is a key adaptor protein of inflammasomes and a proapoptotic molecule
Biochemical Properties	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain [ASC; also called PYD- and CARD-domain-containing protein (PYCARD) and target of methylation-induced silencing 1 (TMS1)] reportedly forms aggregates in human myelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis. ASC is a key adaptor protein in the formation of various inflammasomes and plays crucial roles in caspase-1 activation and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in innate immune cells.
Significance in milk	osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis
PTMs	Phosphorylation at Ser
Site(s) of PTM(s) N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, Phosphorylation	>sp|Q8HXK9|ASC_BOVIN Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD OS=Bos taurus OX=9913 GN=PYCARD PE=2 SV=1 MGCTRDAILDALENLTADELKKFKMKLLSVPLREGYGRIPRGTLLPLDAVDLTDKLVSYY LEAYGAELTALVLRDMGMQEVAEQLQETMSKGPRNVLAEVRDPLQKTAKPGLHFVDQHRA ALIARVTVVDGVLDALYGKVLTEEQYQAVRAERTSSDKMRKLFSFSPAWNMTCKDLLLQA LRDTQPYLVDDLEQS*195
Predicted Disorder Regions	84-109, 191-195
DisProt Annotation
TM Helix Prediction	No TM helices
Additional Comments	ASC deletion attenuated renal injury, reduced cell infiltration and the release of inflammatory cytokines, protected against apoptosis, and downregulated the PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
Bibliography	1.ASC, a novel 22-kDa protein, aggregates during apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. 2.Regulatory molecules involved in inflammasome formation with special reference to a key mediator protein, ASC. Taniguchi S, Sagara J Semin Immunopathol. 2007 Sep; 29(3):231-8. 3.Regulation of inflammasome signaling.Rathinam VA, Vanaja SK, Fitzgerald KANat Immunol. 2012 Mar 19; 13(4):333-42. 4.Koizumi M, Watanabe T, Masumoto J, Sunago K, Imamura Y, Kanemitsu K, Kumagi T, Hiasa Y. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD regulates the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 16;11(1):22351. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01465-2. PMID: 34785680; PMCID: PMC859571 4.Masumoto J, Taniguchi S, Ayukawa K, Sarvotham H, Kishino T, Niikawa N, Hidaka E, Katsuyama T, Higuchi T, Sagara J J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26; 274(48):33835-8. 4.Xu Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Ding W. Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing a CARD Deletion Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Fibrosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2018 Jul 2;2018:6909035. doi: 10.1155/2018/6909035. PMID: 30057487; PMCID: PMC6051069.