Primary Information
BoMiProt ID	Bomi105
Protein Name	Beta-casein
Organism	Bos taurus
Uniprot ID	P02666
Milk Fraction	Whey
Aminoacid Length	224
Molecular Weight	25107
FASTA Sequence	Download
Gene Name	CSN2
Protein Existence Status	Reviewed: Experimental evidence at protein level
Secondary Information
Endogenous/Bioactive peptides - Fragment - Sequence - Effect	ß casomorphin-11 - 60–70 - YPFPGPIPNSL - Opioid Ref ß casomorphin-7 - 60–66 - YPFPGPI - Opioid ACE Inhibitory, Immunomodulatory Ref ß casomorphin-5 - 60–64 - YPFPG - Opioid ACE Inhibitory Ref ß casokinin-7 - 177–183 - AVPYPQR - ACE Inhibitory Ref ß casokinin-10 - 193–202 YQQPVLGPVR - ACE Inhibitory, Immunomodulatory Ref 169–175 - KVLPVPQ - ACE inhibition Ref Immunopeptide - 63–68 - PGPIPN - Immunomodulatory Ref Immunopeptide - 191–193 - LLY - Immunomodulatory Ref ß casochemotide -1114–118 - YPVEP - Immunomodulatory Ref 210–221 - EPVLGPVRGPFP - ACE-inhibition Ref Caseinophosphopeptide - (1–25)4P -RELEELNVPGEIVESLSSSEESITR - Ca++ binding Ref
Protein Function	ß-caseinomorph stimulate human lymphocyte T proliferation in vitro; ha cytomodulatory properties; enhances nutritional quality in food becausenof high lysine content; film-forming properties of casein may also be used, either as coatings or to reduce oil absorption during the cooking/frying stage in preparing the food
Biochemical Properties	ß-caseinomorph, a peptide originating from ß-casein is very stable with regard to enzymatic degradation; a substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV; exhibits a strong opioid activity; insoluble at pH 4.6; coagulable following specifi c, limited proteolysis; pH 6.7 may be heated at 100ºC for 24 h without coagulation and withstands heating at 140ºC for up to 20–25 min; casein can be precipitated by any of several salts, usually by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 260 g/L or saturated NaCl; high levels of proline; lack of α - and β -structures; low in sulfur
Significance in milk	prime source of calcium and phosphorus for the neonate; antigen capable of inducing a prolonged immune response. Increased levels of casein antibodies have been found in individuals with schizophrenia before and after diagnosis
PTMs	Phosphorylated; presence of 5 phosphates in bovine; site of phosphorylation: Ser-Xxx-Glu/pSer; of 12 genetic variants of β -casein in bovine only two variants appear to have altered phosphorylation; Equine β -casein shows variation in phosphorylation, with typically 3 to 7 phosphates on full-length β -casein; the β -casein of human milk exists as six different forms with 0 to 5 phosphates; Ovine β -casein has variable phosphorylation, with 0 to 7 phosphates
Site(s) of PTM(s) N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, Phosphorylation	>sp|P02666|CASB_BOVIN Beta-casein OS=Bos taurus OX=9913 GN=CSN2 PE=1 SV=2 MKVLILACLVALALARELEELNVPGEIVES*30LS*32S*32S*34EESITRINKKIEKFQS*50EEQQQTEDELQDKIHPFAQTQSLVYPFPGPIPNSLPQNIPPLTQTPVVVPPFLQPEVMGVSKVKEAMAPKHKEMPFPKYPVEPFTESQSLTLTDVENLHLPLPLLQSWMHQPHQPLPPTVMFPPQSVLSLSQSKVLPVPQKAVPYPQRDMPIQAFLLYQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV
Predicted Disorder Regions	23-33,37-93,116-132,167-170
DisProt Annotation	Disorder content 100% Term disorder : Fragment 1 - 224 Term disorder to molten globule: Fragment 1 - 224 Term ion binding, Fragment 1 - 224 Term : sequestering of metal ion, Fragment 1 - 224
TM Helix Prediction	No TM helices
PDB ID	1G4M, 1G4R, 1JSY, 1ZSH, 2WTR, 3GC3, 3GD1, 6NI2, 7DF9, 7DFA, 7DFB, 7DFC,
Bibliography	1. Niebuhr, D. W., Li, Y., Cowan, D. N., Weber, N. S., Fisher, J. A., Ford, G. M., & Yolken, R. (2011). Association between bovine casein antibody and new onset schizophrenia among US military personnel. Schizophrenia Research, 128(1–3), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.02.005. 2. Ferranti, P., Pizzano, R., Garro, G., Caira, S., Chianese, L., & Addeo, F. (2001). Mass spectrometry-based procedure for the identification of ovine casein heterogeneity. Journal of Dairy Research, 68(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900004611. 3. Greenberg, R., Groves, M. L., & Dower, H. J. (1984). Human beta-casein. Amino acid sequence and identification of phosphorylation sites. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 259(8), 5132–5138. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6715339.